| Basic principles | |
|---|---|
| Japanese | English |
| Awase | Harmonic connection between uke and nage. It also describes the right “timing” in the movement between uke and nage. Which makes a fluent and natural movement |
| Chi | earth |
| Irimi | Direct entrance into the attacking movement |
| Ki | Energy, vital force; (chines.: chi) |
| Kokyu | Power of breath |
| Ma-ai | (physical and mental) distance between uke and nage |
| Musubi | Connection with the center of the partner, unity |
| Omote | Front side |
| Shisei | The right inner and outer attitude |
| Soto, | Outside, beyond |
| Ten | sky |
| Tenchi | Connection between sky and earth, gives the 2-dimensional movement above the ground the 3. dimension |
| Tenkan | Indirect principle, to let the attack energy/movement pass due to stepping aside or turning |
| Uchi | Inside, within, home, to be home |
| Ura | backside |
| Zanshin | impartial, free, attentive spirit, to keep the attention at the end of the technique |
| Practice Forms | |
| Japanese | English |
| Aiki taiso | Preparation exercises in aikido |
| Atemi waza | Strike techniques. In aikido the atemi is used to disturb the focus, movement and the balance of the attacker and not to destroy the attacker, which happens in other martial arts |
| Bokken waza | Nage is using/practicing with the sword |
| Buki waza | Weapon practice |
| Deai | The first contact at a technique |
| Go no keiko | Solid practices (hard training), the uke tries to resist against the technique |
| Hanmi handachi waza | Techniques where the Nage/tori kneels and uke stands |
| Henka waza | Changing the technique in the movement |
| Jiyû waza | Free choice of the technique |
| Jô dori | Nage takes the jo/stick from the uke |
| Jô waza | Nage keeps the jo/stick |
| Jû no keiko | Relaxed/smooth practice |
| Jiyû waza | Free practice |
| Kaeshi waza | Counter technique |
| Kata | Predefined motion sequence/form (in aikido mostly for weapon practice) |
| Katame waza | Grapping techniques |
| Keiko | Exercise, practice, training |
| Ki no keiko | Fluent, harmonic practice |
| Ki no nagare | To let the ki flow, the attacking energy disappears in the combined movement |
| Kihon waza | Practice of a technique in its ideal form without any input from the uke – it is to learn the technique |
| Kokyu ho | Power of breath exercise |
| Kumi jo | Exercise with the partner – both working with the jo |
| Kumi tachi | Exercise with the partner – both working with the bokken |
| Nage waza | Throwing techniques |
| Randori | Free techniques with more than one uke |
| Ryû no keiko | Soft working without resistance – to learn the form |
| Suburi | Basic weapon forms without a partner |
| Suwari waza | Techniques on the knees |
| Tachi dori | Nage takes the sword from the uke |
| Tachi waza | Techniques in standing |
| Tai jutsu | Weaponless techniques |
| Taisô | Warming up training |
| Tanto dori | Nage takes the tanto/knife from the uke |
| Tanto waza | Nage keeps the tanto |
| Waza | Technique, exercise |
| Positions and Movements | |
| Japanese | English |
| Ai hanmi | The partners having the same position when they are meeting each other |
| Chûdan | Body center |
| Gedan | Region at the legs |
| Gyaku hanmi | The partners are standing mirror inverted face to face |
| Hanmi | Basic position in aikido, natural position with slightly turned hip |
| Henka | Turn of 180° on the spot without making a step |
| Hidari kamae | Left posture |
| Irimi | Straight step forward |
| Irimi-tenkan | Straight step forward with a 180° turn around the front leg |
| Kamae | Position/poster |
| Ken no kamae | Basic poster with the sword (Legs are placed in migi kamae) |
| Mai ukemi | Forward roll |
| Migi hanmi | Natural position with slightly turned hip (right leg in front) |
| Migi kamae | Right posture |
| Seiza | Formal sitting on the knees |
| Shikko | Walking on the knees |
| Shizentai | Natural symmetric posture |
| Tai sabaki | Steps, movement of the body |
| Tenkan | 180° turn around the front foot |
| Ukemi | Rolling exercise |
| Ushiro ukemi | Backwards roll |
| Yoko ukemi | Falling to the side |
| Attacks | |
| Japanese | English |
| Chudan tsuki | Straight fist punch against the tummy or solar plexus |
| Dori | To hold |
| Eri dori | Grab at the collar (mostly from behind) |
| Gedan tsuki | Straight fist punch at the genital area |
| Geri | Kick |
| Hiji dori | Uke grabs Nage at the elbow |
| Jodan tsuki | Straight fist paunch into the face |
| Kata dori | Uke grabs Nage at the shoulder |
| Katate dori ai hanmi | One hand of the Uke grabs nage’s hand slightly over the wrist (right hand grabs right hand or left hand grabs left hand) |
| Katate dori gyaku hanmi | Uke’s hand grabs Nage’s hand shortly over the wrist (left hand grabs right hand or right hand grabs left hand) |
| Katate ryote dori | Uke grabs Nage’s one of nage’s arms shortly over the wrist with both hands |
| Kiri / giri | Cutting, split |
| Kubi shime | To strangle someone |
| Mae | In front |
| Men uchi | Straight punch with the side of the hand against the face |
| Mune dori | To grab the lapel at the chest |
| Mune tsuki | Punch against the chest |
| Ryo | Both |
| Ryote dori | Uke grabs both hands from nage slightly over the wrist |
| Shomen uchi | Punch/cut with the side of the hand against the parting/cortex |
| Sode dori | Uke grabs nage at the sleeve |
| Tsuki | Punch |
| Uchi | Stroke |
| Ushiro | Behind |
| Yoko | From the side |
| Yokomen uchi | Stroke on the side of the head or neck |
| Pining technique | |
| Japanese | English |
| Ikkyo (ude osae) | First pining technique |
| Nikyo (kote mawashi) | Second pining technique |
| Sankyo (kote hineri) | Third pining technique |
| Yonkyo (tekubi osae) | Fourth pining technique |
| Gokyo (ude nobashi) | Fifth pining technique |
| Rokyo (ude/hiji kime osae) | Sixth pining technique (with blocked elbow/arm) |
| Kata gatame | Pining technique with holding the shoulder |
| Hiji gatame | Pining technique with holding the elbow |
| Throwing techniques | |
| Japanese | English |
| Aiki otoshi | Throw with “pulling” away the legs |
| Ashi barai | Foot-/leg wiper |
| Hiji gaeshi | Cut in the elbow |
| Hiji otoshi | To bring the elbow in the point where the balance breaks |
| Irimi nage | Throw with a direct entrance |
| Juji nage/garami | Throw over crossed arms |
| Kaiten nage (uchi / soto) | Turn throw, where the arm of the uke is behind and over it’s back (inner/outer entrance) |
| Kaji mawashi | “turn the steering wheel” |
| Karami nage | Throw with hooking in of the arm |
| Kata otoshi | To bring the shoulder in the point where the balance breaks |
| Kime modoshi | Blocking and giving back |
| Kiri otoshi | Throw with the side of the hand-cut (elbow, shoulder, neck) |
| Kokyu nage | Breath-power-throw. Different techniques on a higher level (mostly without at grab of the nage) |
| Koshi nage | Hip throw |
| Kote barai | Forearm wiper |
| Kote gaeshi | Throw over the wrist, also as a pin in the end |
| Maki arashi | maku-to warp, arashi-storm |
| Maki irimi nage | Irimi nage with warping uke’s arm (around the neck) |
| O-guruma | “big wheel” |
| O-hineri | “large tacking” |
| Shiho nage | “four direction throw”, also used as a pinning technique |
| Sumi otoshi | to let it fall into the corner |
| Suso barai | Hem wiper |
| Tani otoshi | “To let it fall” “into the valley” |
| Tenchi nage | “sky earth throw” |
| Tenzashi | “to stab into the sky” |
| Tomoe nage | Throw with letting the nage fall backwards |
| Tsubasa gaeshi | Like flipping wings |
| Yoko domoe | lateral tomoe nage |
| Sword techniques | |
| Japanese | English |
| Batto jutsu | Art of pulling the sword (older form of Iaido) |
| Chiburi | Movement to get rid of the blood on the sword |
| Iaido | The art of pulling the sword |
| Jodan no kamae | Poster where the sword is raised over the head |
| Jun te | Normal posture, the thumb points away from the body |
| Kesa giri | Diagonal cut (from shoulder to hip) |
| Kiriage | Cut from beneath to up |
| Kirioroshi | Cut from above to down |
| Kumi tachi | Sword practice together |
| Noto | To insert the sword into the scabbard |
| Nukitsuke | To pull the sword |
| Shiho giri | To cut in four directions |
| Stick techniques | |
| Japanese | English |
| Bojutsu | Stick techniques |
| Kumi jo | Practicing together with the jo |
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